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What is a customs declaration?
A customs declaration (gümrük beyanı) is the name given to the official notification made to the customs administration so that customs formalities can be carried out for goods entering or leaving Türkiye within the scope of your foreign trade activities. In other words, it is a request for a customs procedure (gümrük rejimi) to be applied to the goods.
Why must a customs declaration be made?
The information contained in the customs declaration determines the customs and foreign trade rules to which your goods will be subject. This declaration enables the customs administration to carry out taxation and enables foreign trade statistics to be compiled. Where incorrect or incomplete information is provided, both penal sanctions and commercial risks may arise.
How is a customs declaration made?
Under Article 59 of the Customs Law (Gümrük Kanunu), a customs declaration may be made in writing, by means of computerised data-processing techniques, orally, or by any act whereby the owner of the goods expresses the wish to place them under a customs procedure; the three most common methods in practice are as follows:
Written Declaration: It is made by means of a customs declaration form (gümrük beyannamesi) whose form and content are laid down in the Regulation.
Electronic Declaration: This declaration, made using the computerised data-processing technique, is the most widely used method today. For electronic declarations, the BİLGE (Computerised Customs Activities – Bilgisayarlı Gümrük Etkinlikleri) System is used. BİLGE is the system operated today by the Ministry of Trade (Ticaret Bakanlığı) that enables customs formalities to be carried out electronically. A user code and password obtained from the customs administration are required in order to make a declaration through this system; export and warehouse declarations are, in addition, signed by the declarant with an electronic signature.
Oral Declaration: The customs declaration for certain goods of a non-commercial nature may be made orally. In this case, the Oral Declaration Form, set out in Annex No. 22 to the Customs Regulation (Gümrük Yönetmeliği) and with a limited number of its boxes completed, is used.
What is the importance of the customs declaration in commercial life?
The customs declaration does not merely determine tax liabilities; it also forms the basis for the production of Türkiye’s foreign trade statistics. It is therefore of great importance that every exporter and importer declare their transactions accurately and completely.
